{
  "meta": {
    "name": "European home component lifespan dataset",
    "description": "Typical service-life ranges for residential building-component variants across the European framework, synthesised for EEA housing from freely-usable authoritative sources. Lifespans only; per-unit replacement costs are gated on review and excluded.",
    "spatialCoverage": "European Economic Area",
    "unit": "years (typical service life, min–max range)",
    "updated": "2026-05-18",
    "confidence_legend": {
      "high": "3+ sources within +/-15%",
      "medium": "2 sources or 3+ with moderate spread",
      "low": "seed outside source consensus OR definitional ambiguity OR active technology cohort",
      "unverified": "fewer than 2 independent residential sources found"
    },
    "source_countries_note": "Per-variant origin countries whose freely-usable evidence backs the range (localization signal); NL/DE/UK/US/SE/FI/DK/intl. See docs cross-reference register.",
    "canonical": "https://appkeep.org/study/how-long-a-house-lasts/",
    "license": "Free to view and cite with attribution to appkeep.",
    "variant_count": 83
  },
  "variants": [
    {
      "component": "Foundation",
      "componentKey": "foundation",
      "variantKey": "concrete-slab",
      "variantName": "Concrete slab on grade",
      "typical_years_min": 80,
      "typical_years_max": 120,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "NL",
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Foundation",
      "componentKey": "foundation",
      "variantKey": "strip-footing",
      "variantName": "Strip footing (masonry/concrete)",
      "typical_years_min": 100,
      "typical_years_max": 150,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "NL",
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Foundation",
      "componentKey": "foundation",
      "variantKey": "pile",
      "variantName": "Pile foundation",
      "typical_years_min": 80,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "NL",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Carrying structure",
      "componentKey": "carrying-structure",
      "variantKey": "timber-frame",
      "variantName": "Timber frame",
      "typical_years_min": 80,
      "typical_years_max": 120,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Carrying structure",
      "componentKey": "carrying-structure",
      "variantKey": "masonry",
      "variantName": "Masonry (brick/stone)",
      "typical_years_min": 100,
      "typical_years_max": 200,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "NL",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Carrying structure",
      "componentKey": "carrying-structure",
      "variantKey": "concrete",
      "variantName": "Reinforced concrete",
      "typical_years_min": 80,
      "typical_years_max": 120,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Carrying structure",
      "componentKey": "carrying-structure",
      "variantKey": "steel",
      "variantName": "Steel frame",
      "typical_years_min": 80,
      "typical_years_max": 120,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Walls (exterior shell)",
      "componentKey": "walls-exterior",
      "variantKey": "brick",
      "variantName": "Brick facade",
      "typical_years_min": 60,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "UK",
        "NL",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Walls (exterior shell)",
      "componentKey": "walls-exterior",
      "variantKey": "render",
      "variantName": "Rendered facade",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Walls (exterior shell)",
      "componentKey": "walls-exterior",
      "variantKey": "timber-cladding",
      "variantName": "Timber cladding",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "SE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Walls (exterior shell)",
      "componentKey": "walls-exterior",
      "variantKey": "metal-cladding",
      "variantName": "Metal cladding",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Walls (exterior shell)",
      "componentKey": "walls-exterior",
      "variantKey": "external-insulation",
      "variantName": "External wall insulation (EWI)",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "clay-tiles",
      "variantName": "Clay tile covering",
      "typical_years_min": 60,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "FI",
        "UK",
        "NL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "concrete-tiles",
      "variantName": "Concrete tile covering",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "FI",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "metal-sheet",
      "variantName": "Metal sheet roofing",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "FI",
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "bitumen-felt",
      "variantName": "Bitumen/felt flat roof",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "epdm-membrane",
      "variantName": "EPDM / single-ply membrane",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "thatch",
      "variantName": "Thatch",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "UK",
        "NL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Roof",
      "componentKey": "roof",
      "variantKey": "roof-structure-timber",
      "variantName": "Roof structure (timber trusses/rafters)",
      "typical_years_min": 80,
      "typical_years_max": 150,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Drainage",
      "componentKey": "drainage",
      "variantKey": "gutters-pvc",
      "variantName": "PVC gutters and downpipes",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Drainage",
      "componentKey": "drainage",
      "variantKey": "gutters-metal",
      "variantName": "Metal gutters (zinc, aluminium, steel)",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Drainage",
      "componentKey": "drainage",
      "variantKey": "surface-drainage",
      "variantName": "Surface drainage (channels, gullies)",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Lightning protection",
      "componentKey": "lightning-protection",
      "variantKey": "standard-system",
      "variantName": "Standard lightning protection system",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "timber-windows",
      "variantName": "Timber window frames",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "SE",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "pvc-windows",
      "variantName": "PVC window frames",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 35,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "UK",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "aluminium-windows",
      "variantName": "Aluminium window frames",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "igu-double",
      "variantName": "Double-glazed insulated glass unit (IGU)",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "igu-triple",
      "variantName": "Triple-glazed IGU",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "exterior-door-timber",
      "variantName": "Exterior timber door",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "exterior-door-composite",
      "variantName": "Composite / steel exterior door",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Openings (windows, doors, skylights)",
      "componentKey": "openings",
      "variantKey": "skylight",
      "variantName": "Skylight / roof window",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Water supply",
      "componentKey": "water-supply",
      "variantKey": "copper-pipes",
      "variantName": "Copper water pipes",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 70,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Water supply",
      "componentKey": "water-supply",
      "variantKey": "pex-pipes",
      "variantName": "PEX/plastic water pipes",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Water supply",
      "componentKey": "water-supply",
      "variantKey": "galvanised-pipes",
      "variantName": "Galvanised steel pipes",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Water supply",
      "componentKey": "water-supply",
      "variantKey": "taps-mixers",
      "variantName": "Taps and mixer valves",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 20,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Water supply",
      "componentKey": "water-supply",
      "variantKey": "shut-off-valves",
      "variantName": "Shut-off valves",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Electrical system",
      "componentKey": "electrical",
      "variantKey": "wiring-copper-modern",
      "variantName": "Copper wiring (post-1970 installation)",
      "typical_years_min": 50,
      "typical_years_max": 80,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "DE",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Electrical system",
      "componentKey": "electrical",
      "variantKey": "consumer-unit",
      "variantName": "Consumer unit / distribution board",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "UK",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Electrical system",
      "componentKey": "electrical",
      "variantKey": "sockets-switches",
      "variantName": "Sockets and switches",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 35,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Data / telecom",
      "componentKey": "data-telecom",
      "variantKey": "ethernet-cat6",
      "variantName": "Ethernet cabling (Cat 5e/6)",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Data / telecom",
      "componentKey": "data-telecom",
      "variantKey": "coax",
      "variantName": "Coaxial cabling",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Gas supply",
      "componentKey": "gas-supply",
      "variantKey": "gas-pipes-steel",
      "variantName": "Steel gas pipes",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Gas supply",
      "componentKey": "gas-supply",
      "variantKey": "gas-pipes-copper",
      "variantName": "Copper gas pipes",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "gas-boiler",
      "variantName": "Gas combi boiler",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 20,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "DE",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "heat-pump-air-source",
      "variantName": "Air-to-water heat pump",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 20,
      "confidence": "low",
      "source_countries": [
        "FI",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "heat-pump-air-to-air",
      "variantName": "Air-to-air heat pump",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 15,
      "confidence": "low",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "heat-pump-ground-source",
      "variantName": "Ground-source heat pump",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "low",
      "source_countries": [
        "FI",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "heat-pump-exhaust-air",
      "variantName": "Exhaust-air heat pump",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 15,
      "confidence": "low",
      "source_countries": [
        "FI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "radiators-steel",
      "variantName": "Steel panel radiators",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "medium",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "underfloor-heating-wet",
      "variantName": "Underfloor heating (wet system)",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 60,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Heating system",
      "componentKey": "heating",
      "variantKey": "district-heating-connection",
      "variantName": "District heating substation",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "SE",
        "FI",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Waste water",
      "componentKey": "waste-water",
      "variantKey": "drain-pipes-pvc",
      "variantName": "PVC drain pipes (internal)",
      "typical_years_min": 50,
      "typical_years_max": 75,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Waste water",
      "componentKey": "waste-water",
      "variantKey": "drain-pipes-cast-iron",
      "variantName": "Cast iron drain pipes",
      "typical_years_min": 50,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Waste water",
      "componentKey": "waste-water",
      "variantKey": "sewer-connection",
      "variantName": "Sewer connection (external)",
      "typical_years_min": 50,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Waste water",
      "componentKey": "waste-water",
      "variantKey": "septic-tank",
      "variantName": "Septic tank",
      "typical_years_min": 30,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Chimneys / flues",
      "componentKey": "chimneys",
      "variantKey": "masonry-chimney",
      "variantName": "Masonry chimney",
      "typical_years_min": 50,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Chimneys / flues",
      "componentKey": "chimneys",
      "variantKey": "metal-flue",
      "variantName": "Metal flue (stainless steel)",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Ventilation / AC",
      "componentKey": "ventilation",
      "variantKey": "mvhr",
      "variantName": "Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR)",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 20,
      "confidence": "medium",
      "source_countries": [
        "UK",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Ventilation / AC",
      "componentKey": "ventilation",
      "variantKey": "extract-fan",
      "variantName": "Extract fan (bathroom/kitchen)",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 15,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Ventilation / AC",
      "componentKey": "ventilation",
      "variantKey": "air-conditioning-split",
      "variantName": "Split air conditioning",
      "typical_years_min": 12,
      "typical_years_max": 20,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "US",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Fire safety equipment",
      "componentKey": "fire-safety",
      "variantKey": "smoke-detector",
      "variantName": "Smoke detector",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 10,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Fire safety equipment",
      "componentKey": "fire-safety",
      "variantKey": "co-detector",
      "variantName": "CO detector",
      "typical_years_min": 7,
      "typical_years_max": 10,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Fire safety equipment",
      "componentKey": "fire-safety",
      "variantKey": "fire-extinguisher",
      "variantName": "Fire extinguisher",
      "typical_years_min": 5,
      "typical_years_max": 10,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Security",
      "componentKey": "security",
      "variantKey": "mortice-lock",
      "variantName": "Mortice lock",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "UK",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Security",
      "componentKey": "security",
      "variantKey": "alarm-system",
      "variantName": "Intruder alarm system",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 15,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Security",
      "componentKey": "security",
      "variantKey": "cctv",
      "variantName": "CCTV system",
      "typical_years_min": 8,
      "typical_years_max": 12,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Vertical transport",
      "componentKey": "vertical-transport",
      "variantKey": "elevator",
      "variantName": "Passenger elevator",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Stairs & ramps",
      "componentKey": "stairs",
      "variantKey": "timber-staircase",
      "variantName": "Timber staircase",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 80,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Stairs & ramps",
      "componentKey": "stairs",
      "variantKey": "concrete-staircase",
      "variantName": "Concrete staircase",
      "typical_years_min": 60,
      "typical_years_max": 100,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Miscellaneous",
      "componentKey": "miscellaneous",
      "variantKey": "solar-pv",
      "variantName": "Solar PV panels",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 35,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "UK",
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Miscellaneous",
      "componentKey": "miscellaneous",
      "variantKey": "solar-thermal",
      "variantName": "Solar thermal collectors",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "medium",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Miscellaneous",
      "componentKey": "miscellaneous",
      "variantKey": "sauna",
      "variantName": "Sauna (electric heater)",
      "typical_years_min": 15,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "FI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Miscellaneous",
      "componentKey": "miscellaneous",
      "variantKey": "swimming-pool",
      "variantName": "Swimming pool (liner + plant)",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 15,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Miscellaneous",
      "componentKey": "miscellaneous",
      "variantKey": "ev-charger",
      "variantName": "EV charge point",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 15,
      "confidence": "low-medium",
      "source_countries": [
        "intl"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Wet spaces",
      "componentKey": "wet-spaces",
      "variantKey": "waterproofing-tile-system",
      "variantName": "Tile-on-membrane waterproofing system",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 30,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "SE",
        "FI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Wet spaces",
      "componentKey": "wet-spaces",
      "variantKey": "waterproofing-sheet-system",
      "variantName": "Welded sheet (vinyl/PVC) waterproofing system",
      "typical_years_min": 20,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "medium",
      "source_countries": [
        "DK",
        "SE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Wet spaces",
      "componentKey": "wet-spaces",
      "variantKey": "waterproofing-prefab-cabin",
      "variantName": "Prefabricated bathroom module",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 40,
      "confidence": "low-medium",
      "source_countries": []
    },
    {
      "component": "Interior finishes",
      "componentKey": "interior",
      "variantKey": "internal-paint",
      "variantName": "Internal wall paint",
      "typical_years_min": 12,
      "typical_years_max": 16,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "NL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Interior finishes",
      "componentKey": "interior",
      "variantKey": "kitchen-cabinet-doors",
      "variantName": "Kitchen cabinet doors and worktop",
      "typical_years_min": 12,
      "typical_years_max": 14,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "NL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Interior finishes",
      "componentKey": "interior",
      "variantKey": "bathroom-furniture",
      "variantName": "Bathroom furniture and fittings",
      "typical_years_min": 12,
      "typical_years_max": 14,
      "confidence": "medium-high",
      "source_countries": [
        "NL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Interior finishes",
      "componentKey": "interior",
      "variantKey": "hardwood-flooring",
      "variantName": "Hardwood / engineered wood flooring",
      "typical_years_min": 25,
      "typical_years_max": 50,
      "confidence": "medium",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Interior finishes",
      "componentKey": "interior",
      "variantKey": "tile-flooring",
      "variantName": "Tile flooring",
      "typical_years_min": 40,
      "typical_years_max": 75,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "component": "Interior finishes",
      "componentKey": "interior",
      "variantKey": "vinyl-laminate",
      "variantName": "Vinyl / laminate flooring",
      "typical_years_min": 10,
      "typical_years_max": 25,
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_countries": [
        "DE",
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ]
}